Governance, Political Participation And Voter Turnout In General Elections: Nigeria’s Fourth Republic In Perspective
Keywords:
Voter apathy, political malfeasance, governance, political participation, inclusive democracy, corruptionAbstract
As a vital ingredient of democracy, political participation is utilised to authenticate and legitimise a government for general acceptance. Voter apathy is a potent protest against outrageous irregularities in electoral process and bad governance in Nigeria. In the last two decades, non-political participation of voters in Nigeria’s electoral processes has become the country’s major perennial challenge in election administration. The study interrogated governance, political participation and voter turnout in general elections in the context of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Reciprocal determinism theory was used to explain how the political environment serves as stimulus to voter apathy in the electoral processes. The study used descriptive qualitative method supplemented by descriptive statistics to analyse the data garnered. The findings revealed weak institutional framework, incompetence, bad governance and corruption as voter apathy determinants. The study, therefore, recommends inclusive democracy, strong and autonomous institutional frameworks; and liberty of the people to foster sustainable democratic development in Nigeria.References
Adebayo, B. (2018). Nigeria Overtakes India in Extreme Poverty Rank. Retrieved January 20, 2020 from https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/26/africa/nigeria-overtakes-india- extreme- poverty-intl/index.htm.l
Andrew, E. (2004). Voter Turnout in Western Europe. Sweden: International Institute for
Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IIDEA).
Baogang, H. (n.d.). A Survey Study of Voting Behavior and Political Participation in
Zhejiang. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 7(3), 225-250
DOI: 10.1017/S1468109906002349.
Burnham, P., Gilland, K., Grant, W. & Layton-Henry, Z. (2004). Research Methods in
Politics. New York: PalGrave MacMillan.
Cherry, K. (2018). What is Reciprocal Determinism? Retrieved August 16, 2019 from
https:www.verywellmind.com/what-is-reciprocal-determinism-2795907.
CLEEN Foundation (2014). Election Security Threat Assessment: Towards 2015 Elections. Monograph Series, 22, 1-54. Retrieved January 25, 2020 from http://new.cleen.org/Election%20Security%20Threat%20Assessment%20Towards%202015 %20Elections%20Fifth%20Edition.pdf.
Dahl, V., Erik, A., Shakuntala, B., Monique, L., Jan, S., Norberto, R., Mai, B., Vassilis, P. & Bruna, Z. (2018). Apathy or Alienation? Political Passivity Among Youth Across Eight .European Union Countries. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15 (3), 284-303. DOI.org/10.1080/17405629.2017.1404985..
Diallo, S. (2011). Nigeria: Post-Election Violence killed 800. Retrieved January 21, 2020 from https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/16/nigeria-post-election-violence-killed-800
Dalton, R. J. (1988). Citizen Politics in Western Democracies: Public Opinion and Political. Parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers.
Ellis, A. (2004). Voter Turnout in Western Europe. Sweden: International Institute for
Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IIDEA). Retrieve February 22, 2020 froM https://www.worldcat.org/title/voter-turnout-in-western-europe-since-1945-a regional report/oclc/1016165040.
Espindola R., Lorenzo, J. & Borz, G. (2005) Electoral Apathy and Democracy in Latin America. Paper presented at the workship on Elections and Democracy in Latin America, ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshop, 14-19 April, Granada Spain, p.3.
EU-EOM-European Union Election Observation Mission: Nigeria General Election (2019). Systemic Failings and Electoral Security Problems show need for serious reform. Retrieved January 23, 2020 from http://www.eods.eu/library/Nigeria_eu_eom_2ndpreliminarystatement_1march2019.pdf
Forler, A. (2013). Electoral and Policy Consequences of Voter Turnout: Evidence from Compulsory Voting in Australia. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 8, 150-182. DOI 10.1561/100.00012055
Iwu, M. (2009). The Electoral Processes and the Imperatives of Electoral Reform in
Nigeria. Lecture delivered at the Senior Executive Course 31 of the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru. Retrieved March 16, 2020 from http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090303083006zq/sections/general-
articles/theelectoral. Processes-and-the-imperatives-of-electoral-reform-in-nigeria
Johnson, J. B. & Joslyn, R. A. (1995). Political Science Research Methods. Washington D.C. CQ Press.
Kazeem, Y. (2018). Nigeria Has Become the Poverty Capital of the World. Retrieved January 30, 2020 from https://www.google.com/search?q=Nigeria+has+become+the+poverty +capital+of+the+world&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8
Lindberg, S. (2004). “The democratic qualities of multiparty elections: participation, competition and legitimacy in Africa”. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 42, (1) 61–105
Mogalakwe, M. (2006). The Use of Documentary Research Methods in Social Research.
African Sociological Review, 10 (1), 221 – 230.
National Democratic Institute for International Affair (2011). Nigerian Elections Final Report on the 2011 Nigerian General Election. Retrieved April 4, 2020 from https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI%20Final%20Report%20on%20the%20Nigeri %202011%20Electionsnew
Nassaji, H. (2015). Qualitative and Descriptive Research: Data Type versus Data Analysis.
Language Teaching Research, 19(2), 129-132. DOI.org/10.1177/1362168815572747
Nigeria: 3,479 Petitions Filed in 4 Elections Cycles. Retrieved April 4, 2020 from
https://allafrica.com/stories/202001030087.html
Nigerian Democratic Report (2019). AIT/Ray Power Gets Reprieve from Clampdown. Retrieved. March 15, 2020 from https//www.ndr.org.ng/ait-ray-power-gets-reprieve-from-clampdown/
Nigeria Stability & Reconciliation Programme (2011). Policy Brief: The 2011 Elections in Northern Nigeria Post-Electoral Violence: Origins and Response. Retrieved March 16, 2020. From http://www.nsrp-nigeria.org
Nwagwu, E. J. (2016). Political Party Financing and Consolidation of Democracy
in Nigeria, 1999-2015. International Journal of Political Science, 2 (4), 74-85.
dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9452.0204008.
Nwangwu, C., Onah, V. C. & Otu, A. O. (2018). Elixir of Electoral Fraud: The Impact of Digital Technology on the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria. Cogent Social Sciences, 4: 1549007, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1549007.
Ojetunde, D. (2019). 2019 Election: Nigeria has the lowest rate of voter turnout in Africa. Retrieved May 24, 2019 from https://www.icinigeria.org/2019-election-nigeria- has-the-lowest-voter-turnout-in-africa
Omotola, J. S. (2010). “Elections and democratic transition in Nigeria under the Fourth Republic”. African Affairs, 109, (437), 535-553.
Sahara Reporters (2011). ANPP Governorship Candidate, Brother of Governor, Among Six Shot Dead in Borno. Retrieved March 20, 2020 from http://saharareporters.com/2011/01/28/anpp-governorship-candidate-brother-governor- among-six-shot-dead-borno.Sciences 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1549007.
Sahara Reporters (2019). 91.8 Million Nigerians Are Extremely Poor, Says World Poverty Clock. Retrieved January 31, 2020 from http://saharareporters.com/2019/06/05/918 million- nigerians-are-extremely-poor-says- world-poverty-clock
Singh, A. (2018). An Overview on the Reciprocal Determinism Concept with Examples.
Retrieved June 23, 2019 from https:psychologenie.com/reciprocal-determinism
This Day Live (2019). 2019 General Election and the Military. Retrieved January 20, 2020 Fromhttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefoxd&source=hp&ei=OitVXtrVBo7ygblqJyABw&Qthisdaylive+%282019%29+2019+General+Election++and+the+Military& btnK=Google+Search
Umar, M. Z. (2016). “Qualitative Research Method: Insight and Perspectives on Data Collection and Content Analysis”. In Aloysius-Michaels Okolie and Oga Godwin Anene (eds.) Research Methodology in Social Science Analysis. 127-158. Publication of Nigerian Political Science Association.
World Bank (2010). Global Governance. Washington: World Bank
Zhelnina, A. (2019). The Apathy Syndrome: How We Are Trained Not to Care about Politics. Social Problems, 0, 1-21. DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spz019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 PORT HARCOURT POLYTECHNIC ACADEMIC RESEARCH JOURNAL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.